Jumat, 27 November 2015

Binary Sarch Tree dalam Bahasa Pemrograman Java

Dalam dunia pemrograman terdapat banyak metoda pencarian seperti double link list search dan array search. Namun kali ini penulis akan membahas tentang salah satu metode pencarian yang disebut binary search tree.

Binary Tree adalah struktur data yang mirip dengan Linked List. Bila Linked List dianalogikan sebagai rantai yang linier maka Binary Tree dianalogikan sebagai pohon yang mempunyai root, left child (dimana left child selalu lebih kecil daripada root), dan right child (dimana right child selalu lebih besar daripada root).



Binary Search Tree (BST) merupakan tree yang terurut (ordered Binary Tree) yang memiliki kelebihan bila dibanding dengan struktur data lain. Diantaranya adalah proses pengurutan (sorting) dan pencarian (searching) dapat dilakukan bila data sudah tersusun dalam struktur data BST. Pengurutan dapat dilakukan bila BST ditelusuri (traversed) menggunakan metode in-order.

Berikut adalah source code Binary Search Tree
import java.util.Scanner;

 /* Class BSTNode */
 class BSTNode
 {
     BSTNode left, right;
     int data;


     /* Constructor */
     public BSTNode()
     {
         left = null;
         right = null;
         data = 0;
     }
     /* Constructor */
     public BSTNode(int n)
     {
         left = null;
         right = null;
         data = n;
     }
     /* Function to set left node */
     public void setLeft(BSTNode n)
     {
         left = n;
     }
     /* Function to set right node */
     public void setRight(BSTNode n)
     {
         right = n;
     }
     /* Function to get left node */
     public BSTNode getLeft()
     {
         return left;
     }
     /* Function to get right node */
     public BSTNode getRight()
     {
         return right;
     }
     /* Function to set data to node */
     public void setData(int d)
     {
         data = d;
     }
     /* Function to get data from node */
     public int getData()
     {
         return data;
     }    
 }

 /* Class BST */
 class BST
 {
     private BSTNode root;

     /* Constructor */
     public BST()
     {
         root = null;
     }
     /* Function to check if tree is empty */
     public boolean isEmpty()
     {
         return root == null;
     }
     /* Functions to insert data */
     public void insert(int data)
     {
         root = insert(root, data);
     }
     /* Function to insert data recursively */
     private BSTNode insert(BSTNode node, int data)
     {
         if (node == null)
             node = new BSTNode(data);
         else
         {
             if (data <= node.getData())
                 node.left = insert(node.left, data);
             else
                 node.right = insert(node.right, data);
         }
         return node;
     }
     /* Functions to delete data */
     public void delete(int k)
     {
         if (isEmpty())
             System.out.println("Tree Empty");
         else if (search(k) == false)
             System.out.println("Sorry "+ k +" is not present");
         else
         {
             root = delete(root, k);
             System.out.println(k+ " deleted from the tree");
         }
     }
     private BSTNode delete(BSTNode root, int k)
     {
         BSTNode p, p2, n;
         if (root.getData() == k)
         {
             BSTNode lt, rt;
             lt = root.getLeft();
             rt = root.getRight();
             if (lt == null && rt == null)
                 return null;
             else if (lt == null)
             {
                 p = rt;
                 return p;
             }
             else if (rt == null)
             {
                 p = lt;
                 return p;
             }
             else
             {
                 p2 = rt;
                 p = rt;
                 while (p.getLeft() != null)
                     p = p.getLeft();
                 p.setLeft(lt);
                 return p2;
             }
         }
         if (k < root.getData())
         {
             n = delete(root.getLeft(), k);
             root.setLeft(n);
         }
         else
         {
             n = delete(root.getRight(), k);
             root.setRight(n);            
         }
         return root;
     }
     /* Functions to count number of nodes */
     public int countNodes()
     {
         return countNodes(root);
     }
     /* Function to count number of nodes recursively */
     private int countNodes(BSTNode r)
     {
         if (r == null)
             return 0;
         else
         {
             int l = 1;
             l += countNodes(r.getLeft());
             l += countNodes(r.getRight());
             return l;
         }
     }
     /* Functions to search for an element */
     public boolean search(int val)
     {
         return search(root, val);
     }
     /* Function to search for an element recursively */
     private boolean search(BSTNode r, int val)
     {
         boolean found = false;
         while ((r != null) && !found)
         {
             int rval = r.getData();
             if (val < rval)
                 r = r.getLeft();
             else if (val > rval)
                 r = r.getRight();
             else
             {
                 found = true;
                 break;
             }
             found = search(r, val);
         }
         return found;
     }
     /* Function for inorder traversal */
     public void inorder()
     {
         inorder(root);
     }
     private void inorder(BSTNode r)
     {
         if (r != null)
         {
             inorder(r.getLeft());
             System.out.print(r.getData() +" ");
             inorder(r.getRight());
         }
     }
     /* Function for preorder traversal */
     public void preorder()
     {
         preorder(root);
     }
     private void preorder(BSTNode r)
     {
         if (r != null)
         {
             System.out.print(r.getData() +" ");
             preorder(r.getLeft());            
             preorder(r.getRight());
         }
     }
     /* Function for postorder traversal */
     public void postorder()
     {
         postorder(root);
     }
     private void postorder(BSTNode r)
     {
         if (r != null)
         {
             postorder(r.getLeft());            
             postorder(r.getRight());
             System.out.print(r.getData() +" ");
         }
     }    
 }

 /* Class BinarySearchTree */
 public class BinarySearchTree
 {
     public static void main(String[] args)
    {                
        Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
        /* Creating object of BST */
        BST bst = new BST();
        System.out.println("Binary Search Tree Test\n");         
        char ch;
        /*  Perform tree operations  */
        do   
        {
            System.out.println("\nBinary Search Tree Operations\n");
            System.out.println("1. insert ");
            System.out.println("2. delete");
            System.out.println("3. search");
            System.out.println("4. count nodes");
            System.out.println("5. check empty");

            int choice = scan.nextInt();           
            switch (choice)
            {
            case 1 :
                System.out.println("Enter integer element to insert");
                bst.insert( scan.nextInt() );                    
                break;                         
            case 2 :
                System.out.println("Enter integer element to delete");
                bst.delete( scan.nextInt() );                     
                break;                        
            case 3 :
                System.out.println("Enter integer element to search");
                System.out.println("Search result : "+ bst.search( scan.nextInt() ));
                break;                                         
            case 4 :
                System.out.println("Nodes = "+ bst.countNodes());
                break;    
            case 5 : 
                System.out.println("Empty status = "+ bst.isEmpty());
                break;           
            default :
                System.out.println("Wrong Entry \n ");
                break;  
            }
            /*  Display tree  */
            System.out.print("\nPost order : ");
            bst.postorder();
            System.out.print("\nPre order : ");
            bst.preorder();
            System.out.print("\nIn order : ");
            bst.inorder();

            System.out.println("\nDo you want to continue (Type y or n) \n");
            ch = scan.next().charAt(0);                       
        } while (ch == 'Y'|| ch == 'y');              
    }
 }


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